Waist hip ratio whr is a tool to assess distribution of body fat. Waist to hip ratio whr whr was determined by dividing waist circumference by hip circumference. This is a crosssectional study conducted within the university of ibadan, university college hospital, ibadan and their immediate environs. Research shows that people with bodies with more weight around the waist face more health risks than those with bodies who carry more weight around the hips. Use a tape measure to check your waist circumference by measuring the distance around your waist just above the belly button. It is very possible to be within ones suggested weight range on the heightweight chart and still carry too much fat. A 31 waist measurement divided by a hip measurement of 43 will yield a whr of 0. The aim of this study was to present age references for waist circumference wc, hip circumference hc, and waisthip ratio whr in dutch children. The prevalence of obesity is rising in both developed and developing nations. A cohort study of 1,669 patients with stage 3 or 4 chronic kidney disease ckd was conducted by elsayed et al. Pdf waist and hip circumferences, and waisthip ratio in 19. The best way to find out if your waistline is increasing your risk of heart disease is to measure it. Waist circumference and waisthip ratio world health organization.
Read the tape measure and record the waist circumference in inches. Personhip circumference measured, total centimetres nnn. In the case of severe obesity, several markers, such as hip and waist circumference, are prone to measurement error. This video explains how to accurately measure your waist and hip circumferences and find out your waist to hip ratio. Waist and hip circumferences, and waisthip ratio in 19. Two methods that are commonly used to estimate whether you are a healthy weight or not are body mass index bmi and waist circumference. Percentiles, waist circumference, waisthip ratio, waistheight ratio. Your waist to hip ratio may beat the scale at predicting heart disease, a british study shows the study is the latest research linking belly fat to. Apply the blank tape at the widest part, usually between the greater trochanter top of the thigh bone and the lower buttock level, with the volunteers legs together. The csep health and fitness program has officially accepted the recommendations of dr. Measurement of waist circumference equipment ke anthropometric tape or equivalent procedure clear the clients abdomen of all clothing and accessories. Is used in the formation of adultwaisttohip ratio, n.
Results the waist hip ratio was the best anthropometric predictor of total mortality, with the multivariableadjusted relative risk for quintile 5 vs 1 of 1. Your waisttohip ratio may beat the scale at predicting heart disease, a british study shows the study is the latest research linking belly fat to. Thanks to waist to hip ratio the distribution of fat is evaluated by dividing waist size by hip size. Pdf waist and hip circumferences, and waisthip ratio in. This is a crosssectional study conducted within the university of ibadan, university college hospital, ibadan and. Mean hip circumference ranged from 94105cm and from 97108cm in men and women, respectively, and mean whr from 0. Being overweight can raise your risk of health issues such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, arthritis, and some types of cancers.
National references were constructed with the lms method. In order to compare the sexspecific prevalence of overweight and obesity among the four ethnic groups, we used the currently accepted definitions based on bmi and. However, epidemiological and clinical applications of the sad measurement are hampered by a lack of reference ranges and cut points to assign risk categories based on a representative u. Monitoring changes in waist circumference over time may be helpful, in addition to measuring bmi, since it can provide an estimate of increased abdominal fat even in the absence of a change in bmi. These measurements may been studied and thought be an indicator of increased disease risk if both are increased. Waist circumference, hip circumference, obesity, mortality, south. Whr is a measure of waist circumference relative to hip circumference. Abdominal obesity increases allcause mortality and is a risk factor for a number of diseases. Much research denotes that the waisttohip ratio is the superior health riskcategorizing indicator. The accuracy of waist to hip ratio will between individuals.
Waist circumference may overestimate health risk in tall individuals and underestimate health risk in short individuals welborn, et al 2003 and weight trained individuals, or those with thicker waist. Waist circumference may be a better indicator of health risk than bmi alone, especially when used in combination with bmi. The national institutes of health says that a high waist circumference is associated with an increased risk for health conditions like hypertension, elevated blood lipids, type 2 diabetes. A gauge of abdominal obesity, obtained by measuring the abdomen at the level of the superior iliac crest with a tape measure.
It looks at the relationship between the circumference measurements of your waist and hips and can be used as a measurement of your health. These numbers are useful to track, in addition to weight and bmi, when. Comparison of relative waist circumference between asian. Position the client with feet shoulder width apart and arms crossed over the chest in a relaxed manner. Who recommends cutoff points for waist circumference as 85 cm and 80 cm and whr cutoff values of 0. Together, height, body mass index bmi, age group and population explained about 80% of the variance in waist circumference.
The ratio is a very popular measurement for doctors to obtain because it can be used as quick risk factor assessment. Adding waist and hip circumference to a framinghamtype model increased. At the same time waist to hip ratio helps indicate increased risk of disease and mortality. Whr is a measurement tool that looks at the proportion of fat stored on your waist, and hips and buttocks. Waist circumference and waisttohip ratio are measures of central adiposity that appear to predict cardiovascular and diabetes risk better than bmi srikanthan, seeman, and karlamangla 2009. There are few populationbased studies of the longitudinal changes of abdominal obesity. Studies suggested that waist circumference and waist to hip ratio are better indicators of the risk of. Waist to hip whr is the ratio of the circumference of the waist to that of the hips. This is calculated as waist measurement divided by hip measurement w. Body mass index, waisthip ratio and risk of chronic.
To measure waist circumference locate the top of the hip bone. Much research denotes that the waist to hip ratio is the superior health riskcategorizing indicator. How to measure your waist circumference and waisttohip. If your belly has bulged out enough to catch up to the size of your hips, you should start worrying. Waist to hip ratio whr is the ratio of your waist circumference to your hip circumference calculated by dividing the waist circumference by the hip circumference. Waisthip ratio whr is a tool to assess distribution of body fat. Crosssectional data were obtained from 14,500 children of dutch origin in the age range 021 years. Bodies come in all shapes and sizes, so you wont find a chart that lists standard waist and hip size to go with each height and weight. Aug 19, 2016 this video explains how to accurately measure your waist and hip circumferences and find out your waist to hip ratio. The waisthip ratio or waisttohip ratio whr is the dimensionless ratio of the circumference of the waist to that of the hips.
Hip circumference data should not be rounded before categorisation. Body mass index and waisthip ratio are related to human health and both play a role in mate choice. Bmi was the predominant determinant 77% in men, 75% women. The study is based on data from the us national health and nutrition survey, cycle iii n11,930 children ages 224 years from years 19881994. Studies suggested that waist circumference and waisttohip ratio are better indicators of the risk of. Reference values of waist circumference and waisthip. Many studies have used the ratio of waist and hip circumferences as a means of capturing aspects of body shape that are poorly detected by body mass index. Waist to hip ratio is the measurement that warns of obesity and cardiovascular disease cvd. Place the tape measure evenly around the bare abdomen at the level of this bone. Higher values of whtr indicate higher risk of obesityrelated cardiovascular diseases. Hip circumference, abdominal obesity, and mortality.
Waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, and body mass. You will, however, find a healthy weight range for each height, a healthy waist size range for a given hip size, and a healthy waist size range for a specific height. Waist circumference measurement log form pdf 272 kb waist circumference measurement guidelines selfmeasurement pdf 201 kb waist circumference measurement guidelines healthcare professional pdf 272 kb version francaise. Results the waisthip ratio was the best anthropometric predictor of total mortality, with the multivariableadjusted relative risk for quintile 5 vs 1 of 1. This method summarises the distribution by three smooth curves representing. Understanding your waisttohip ratio maintaining a healthy weight can help you in many ways. Waist circumference, body mass index and waist to hip ratio for. However, previous research is inconsistent as to what body mass index and waisthip ratio values are preferred in women and what the relative importance of body mass index and waisthip ratio for attractiveness is. The influence of hip circumference on the relationship between. Measuring waist circumference can help to assess obesityrelated health risk. Waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, and body mass index. Jun 18, 2016 waist to hip ratio whr whr was determined by dividing waist circumference by hip circumference. Data collected were analyzed after excluding outliers in the study variables 3 sd zscore.
Wc and hip circumference hc are usually assessed in manual measurements mm with flexible but nonstretchable tapes according to guidelines by the world health organization who at the midpoint between the last rib and the iliac crest, and at the level of the largest lateral extension of the hips, respectively, both in a horizontal plane. Ross and colleagues in an attempt to standardize the measurement of waist circumference. The formula for whr is hip circumference divided by waist circumference. Body mass index, waisthip ratio and risk of chronic medical. Evan matthews explaining how to perform a waist and hip circumference measurement which can then be used to calculate waisttohip ratio. This ratio can help you determine your body shape and whether you want to take extra steps to limit your risk for obesityrelated health issues. Waist to hip ratio whr measurement can be used to help determine obesity. Waist circumference definition of waist circumference by. To determine your waisttohip ratio, divide your waist circumference in inches by your hip circumference in inches.
Reference values of waist circumference and waisthip ratio. These variations may partly explain differences between ethnic or age groups in the power of waist circumference or waist to hip whr ratio to predict disease risks. Hip was taken as the greatest circumference at the level of greater trochanters the widest portion of the hip on both sides. Hip circumference was measured at the gluteal prominence, and the waisthip ratio was calculated. Waist circumference is particularly useful for individuals with a bmi of 2534. In some populations, waist circumference is a better indicator of relative disease risk than is bmi. Ensure that the tape is sung but does not push tightly into the skin. Waist circumference is considered a good estimate of your body fat, especially your internal fat deposits, and your likelihood of developing weightrelated disease. Healthy weight and waist heart and stroke foundation. Whr is calculated by dividing your waist circumference by your hip circumference. These measurements may been studied and thought be an indicator of increased disease risk. According to waist circumference national heart, lung, and. Among nonasian american males, a waist circumference greater than 40 in 102 cm increases the risk of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and heart disease.
The good news is that you can take steps toward lowering your health risks. Some experts suggest waist circumference may be a better predictor of visceral fat than widely used waist to hip ratio pouliot, et al 1994. Body mass index bmi and waist circumference healthdirect. Even at a healthy weight, excess fat carried around the waist can increase your risk of high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, heart disease and type2 diabetes. It was measured to the nearest cm with a tape measure.
Results waist circumference was strongly related to mortality only after adjustment for hip circumference and vice versa. Evan matthews explaining how to perform a waist and hip circumference measurement which can then be used to calculate waist to hip ratio. Weight concentrated around the middle is often referred to as an. Both may be important inclusions in cvd risk prediction models. The american college of sports medicine reccommends a bmi of 2224 for men. Waisthip ratio is the dominant risk factor predicting. Waist and hip circumferences, and waisthip ratio in 19 populations of the who monica project article pdf available in international journal of obesity 23. The whtr is a measure of the distribution of body fat. Understanding your waist to hip ratio maintaining a healthy weight can help you in many ways. Hence waist circumference wc or the waistto hip ratio whr, as indicators of abdominal obesity, may be better predictors of risk than the. For individuals with a bmi than 35, waist circumference adds little predictive power on the disease risk classification of bmi. Hip circumference and incident metabolic risk factors in chinese. Waist circumference and waist to hip ratio are measures of central adiposity that appear to predict cardiovascular and diabetes risk better than bmi srikanthan, seeman, and karlamangla 2009.
Although waist circumference measurement sites vary, hip circumference is most commonly measured at the greatest protrusion of the buttocks while the patient is standing with their feet together. These variables were measured by specialists from the infantile nutrition, growth, and development unit of iahula. Waist circumference, waist hip ratio, bmi has at least one tie between the positive actual state group and the negative actual state group. Your waist circumference is one way to determine whether you have an increased amount of fat around your belly and whether youre at an increased health risk. Measurement of waist and hip circumference with a body. A persons waisttoheight ratio whtr, also called waisttostature ratio wsr, is defined as their waist circumference divided by their height, both measured in the same units.
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